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Cake day: June 5th, 2025

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  • When clover is mowed and the clippings mulched back into the soil, the decomposition of the leaves adds nitrogen to the soil. If you remove the clippings the nitrogen goes with it.

    Yes, “green manure” is taking nitrogen fixing crops (like clover and beans and peanuts) and to mulch them while still green, and incorporate that decomposing mulch into the soil you’re using. That adds nitrogen in fewer steps than the traditional way of using animal manure (where the nitrogen still ultimately comes from plants).

    Of course, the modern Haber process also fixes nitrogen through industrial chemistry rather than agriculture, so most commercial fertilizer today gets its nitrogen from chemical synthesis of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.




  • I still have no idea how they made money.

    That’s the neat part, they didn’t.

    They wanted to pivot to ads, or paid subscriptions, but neither revenue stream really materialized for them.

    Google had a text to search service, too, that didn’t make money, but turned out to be pretty valuable user data for developing smarter semantic search.


  • My late 20’s and early 30’s were a really fun time. It was late enough that I was comfortable in my own skin, and no longer felt like I had to fit someone other people’s standards. I didn’t need to pretend to have interests in things I wasn’t actually interested in, and at the same time I no longer needed to feel embarrassed about the things I was interested in.

    Career wise, I was in the middle of a reset, so I was technically in an entry level job again, but just carried myself with the confidence of someone who knew what I wanted out of a career, and comfortable understanding how my work fit into the bigger picture.

    It was liberating.

    So when I turned 30, that was me feeling like I was finally allowed to be myself. I think it worked pretty well when I moved cities right before my 30th birthday, so the 30th birthday itself seemed like a bit of a door opening into a comfortable life.



  • I live in a walkable neighborhood, and I have a version of this with the other parents in our neighborhood, where we have a designated night of the week where anyone who can make it meets up at one of the patio restaurants where the kids can run around while the parents hang out. Not everyone makes it every week, but we’ve got a good group of friends.






  • Yeah, you’re probably right. I’m in over my head on this discussion.

    I am reminded of my first day in an electrical engineering circuit theory class, when the professor made very, very clear that he was teaching us theory and fundamentals, and that the real world of electricity required a lot more safety built into the procedures and designs, because not everything behaves the way the undergrad textbook describes.

    So I’ve learned something new. Thanks.


  • A simple lamp can demonstrate.

    You have both live and neutral lines in the cable, coming up to a switch, which can either open the circuit on the live line or the neutral line. Then, the lamp itself has a single light bulb as the load.

    If you place the switch on the live line, then the energy of the live line stops at the switch, with only whatever lower voltage is in the neutral line to actually be connected to the light bulb and lamp assembly.

    But if you place the switch on the neutral line, you’re leaving the entire lamp on the voltage of the live line, which gives the voltage more places to potentially short circuit. If you were to take a non-contact voltage detector, you’d be able to detect a live voltage in the line leading up to the bulb, even when it’s not turned on.

    You generally do this with the in-wall wiring and switches, too, and make the wall switches break open the circuit on the live line, not the neutral line. It’s just a better practice overall.

    And no, the neutral line is not totally grounded, so it can still pose a danger, too. But safety is exercised in layers, and putting the switch on the live line is the better practice.


  • it’s a bad practice to design appliance in such a way to assume that neutral will have low voltage, because in case of neutral failure in three-phase circuit you can get full voltage there,

    Who’s using three phase in a setting where these types of plugs are used? In the US, at least, three phase circuits use very different receptacles and plugs.

    The fact of the matter is that the switch has to be placed somewhere. And it’s safer to place the switch between the load and the live wire, rather than between the load and the neutral wire. Designing a system where the live and neutral can easily be known makes it easier to do the safer thing.


  • The actual electrical device can be designed such that it depends on exactly which direction is live and which is neutral.

    Imagine a circuit loop that, as you follow along the circuit, has an AC power source, then a switch, and then the electrical appliance, leading back to the AC source it started from.

    If you design the circuit so that you know for sure that the live wire goes to the switch first before the actual load, then your design ensures that if there is a fault or a short somewhere in the appliance, it won’t let the live power leak anywhere (because the whole device is only connected to the neutral line, not the hot live voltage that alternates between positive and negative voltage). It’s safer, and is less likely to damage the internals of a device. Especially if someone is going to reach inside and forgets to unplug it or cut power at the circuit breaker.


  • That’s my whole point. If you’re gonna ask the airlines to give different amounts of space for different sized people, don’t expect your tickets to stay the same price.

    The current system is that the ticket prices are the same (price fluctuations happen but not based on the size of the passenger), and that everyone of a particular fare class gets the same sized seat.



  • Each side has the opportunity to use their own experts to ask those questions and analyze the forensic integrity of the evidence at issue. Even if your side doesn’t have an expert, your attorney still has the chance to question the other side’s expert.

    So if there’s a piece of evidence based on an email sent from Alice to Bob, the way the evidence gets introduced is that it gets authenticated, by someone who would be in a position to speak to whether a particular document is authentic. The other side can seek to exclude the evidence if the basis for authentication isn’t strong enough. Or, it comes in, and the other side might want to challenge that the document actually represents what the other side wants to prove: maybe casting doubt on whether other people had access to Alice’s account, etc.

    Or if you want to use a surveillance camera video, you’d generally have someone who maintains the system testify as to how the system records, where it stores the data, and how it adds timestamps to different videos. Then that technical person can usually testify that the timestamp is accurate, etc., and might have to answer questions about what happens when the system loses power or a connection, etc.

    So it’s not that the courts in the US actually test the validity of evidence. It’s that the parties involved in the case can challenge the validity if the circumstances call for it.