It seems to be complicated (surprise, EU law is complicated). I found this article about agreements with Mercosur and Canada. In the latter case, it seems ratification is peneding - it should be ratified by all EU states. But most of the deal with Canada is in place and working, as it has been “provisionally applied”.
Between signing and ratifying the deal, parts of the agreement can be ‘provisionally applied’ – put into effect before ratification – if the Council decides to do so.
Provisional application usually only takes effect once the European Parliament has given its consent.
It seems to be complicated (surprise, EU law is complicated). I found this article about agreements with Mercosur and Canada. In the latter case, it seems ratification is peneding - it should be ratified by all EU states. But most of the deal with Canada is in place and working, as it has been “provisionally applied”.
https://www.blg.com/en/insights/2025/06/finding-a-ratification-solution-in-the-eu-mercosur-trade-deal
From European Comission’s website
https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/making-trade-policy_en
Appreciate the sources! Guess it’s as good time to dive in as any.